PAPER ID:IJIM/Vol. 10 (IX)January/26-35/7

AUTHOR: Harvinder Singh

TITLE : SINO-INDIAN MARITIME COMPETITION IN THE INDIAN OCEAN REGION: SECURITY CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIC RESPONSES

ABSTRACT:This paper examines the evolving dynamics of Sino-Indian maritime competition in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) and its implications for regional security and strategic stability. As China expands its naval presence and economic footprint through initiatives such as port development, sea lane protection, and defence partnerships, India perceives growing challenges to its traditional influence and security interests in the region. The paper analyses the drivers of maritime competition, including geopolitical rivalry, asymmetries in defence capabilities, economic interdependence, and differing strategic cultures. It also evaluates the role of non-traditional security threats, institutional mechanisms, and multilateral engagement in shaping both competition and cooperation. By assessing India’s strategic responses—ranging from naval modernization and regional partnerships to diplomatic engagement and confidence-building measures—the paper argues that while Sino-Indian rivalry in the IOR is likely to persist, avenues for managed competition and limited cooperation remain essential for maintaining regional stability and safeguarding the Indian Ocean as a global maritime commons.

KEYWORDS: Indian Ocean Region (IOR); India–China Relations; Maritime Security; Belt and Road Initiative (BRI); China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC); Indo-Pacific Strategy; Strategic Competition; Port Diplomacy

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