PAPER ID:IJIM/Vol. 10 (V)/ September/19-27/4

AUTHOR: Waqar Afzal^[I] Dr. Veerpal Kaur^[II] Dr. Rupinder Kaur ^[III]

TITLE :LEVELS, PATTERNS AND DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME AMONG MARGINAL AND SMALL FARMERS IN RURAL AREAS OF JAMMU REGION

ABSTRACT:Income distribution and livelihood patterns of marginal and small farmers are crucial for understanding rural economic well-being. In the Jammu region, where agriculture continues to be the backbone of livelihoods, studying income dynamics provides critical insights into farmers’ socio-economic conditions. This paper examines the levels, patterns, and distribution of income among marginal and small farmers in the rural areas of the Jammu region. The study is based on primary data collected through a two-stage stratified random sampling method. The findings reveal that both average household income and per capita income are positively associated with agricultural productivity and farm size. The annual income of marginal farm households amounts to ₹1,16,564.52, while that of small farm households is ₹1,85,190.74. The analysis further highlights that the major sources of income for both categories are farm business income (28.78 per cent) and livestock rearing (18.74 per cent). The study concludes that to improve the economic well-being of these households, farm incomes need to be enhanced through agricultural diversification, productivity enhancement, and non-farm employment opportunities.

KEYWORDS :Distributions, Farmers, Households, Income, Marginal, Per capita, Small

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